{"id":28817,"date":"2022-10-02T18:21:43","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T16:21:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/expateuropa.com\/rafmagn-og-hiti-i-eistlandi\/"},"modified":"2022-10-04T09:38:49","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T07:38:49","slug":"rafmagn-og-hiti-i-eistlandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/rafmagn-og-hiti-i-eistlandi\/","title":{"rendered":"Rafmagn og hiti \u00ed Eistlandi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Undirskriftarmerki\u00f0 fyrir \u00f6ll Evr\u00f3pul\u00f6nd, Eistland me\u00f0talin, eru afar kaldir og dimmir vetur. Ef \u00fe\u00fa lendir \u00ed Eistlandi fr\u00e1 hl\u00fdrri l\u00f6ndum \u00e1 sumrin er au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta blekkjast a\u00f0 hitastigi\u00f0 haldist jafn h\u00e1tt \u00ed hvert skipti. Sj\u00e1, \u00feegar vetur gengur \u00ed gar\u00f0 yfir Eistlandi vir\u00f0ist allt fara \u00e1 dvala. Tr\u00e9 \u00ed kring losa af s\u00e9r laufbl\u00f6\u00f0in, skord\u00fdr ver\u00f0a hlj\u00f3\u00f0laus og f\u00f3lk vill sjaldan opna munninn til \u00feess a\u00f0 missa l\u00edtinn hita innan fr\u00e1. \u00c6ttir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 vera heppinn a\u00f0 finna stefnum\u00f3taf\u00e9laga \u00ed Eistlandi<\/a> , kannski mun \u00fea\u00f0 hressa \u00feig vi\u00f0. En jafnvel \u00fea\u00f0 eitt og s\u00e9r er ekki n\u00f3g. <\/p>\n\n

\u00deegar \u00fe\u00fa byrjar a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 halloween-b\u00fana\u00f0 seljast \u00ed verslunum \u00ed kring, veistu a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur kalt og dekkra. Til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast streitu sem getur stigmagnast \u00ed \u00feunglyndi mun \u00fea\u00f0 virka a\u00f0 hafa r\u00e9tta l\u00fdsingu innandyra og hitakerfi \u00ed \u00edb\u00fa\u00f0inni \u00feinni.<\/p>\n\n

L\u00e1gt hitastig er \u00ed Eistlandi, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 daginn og \u00e1 n\u00f3ttunni, betri hluta \u00e1rsins. H\u00fasin eru \u00fev\u00ed b\u00fain hitab\u00fana\u00f0i til a\u00f0 halda inni hl\u00fdrri og \u00fe\u00e6gilegri. Utandyra er l\u00edka me\u00f0 r\u00e9tta l\u00fdsingu svo f\u00f3lki l\u00ed\u00f0i eins og \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9 hent \u00ed einhverja botnlausa d\u00fdflissu. <\/p>\n\n

Sm\u00e1 head-up um Eistland<\/h2>\n\n

\u00cd nor\u00f0austurhluta Evr\u00f3pu inn \u00ed nyrsta Eystrasaltsr\u00edkjanna \u00feriggja, liggur hi\u00f0 fagra land, Eistland. \u00c1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu eru um 1500 eyjar og h\u00f3lmar. \u00cd mj\u00f6g langan t\u00edma haf\u00f0i Eistland veri\u00f0 undir yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um erlendra r\u00edkja. \u00dea\u00f0 var sov\u00e9tl\u00fd\u00f0veldi til 1991 \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e9kk sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1samt \u00f6\u00f0rum Eystrasaltsr\u00edkjum. <\/p>\n\n

S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e1 hefur Eistland lagt mikinn hra\u00f0a \u00ed a\u00f0 breyta r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn sinni og endurstilla hagkerfi sitt. Eistland er vel \u00feekkt fyrir steinefni<\/a> s\u00edn, s\u00e9rstaklega ol\u00eduleirstein sem stu\u00f0lar mj\u00f6g a\u00f0 raforkuframlei\u00f0slu. Rafmagnsframlei\u00f0sla er enn mikilv\u00e6gur \u00fe\u00e1ttur fyrir b\u00e6\u00f0i eistneska hagkerfi\u00f0 og n\u00e6rliggjandi sv\u00e6\u00f0i. Miki\u00f0 af eistneska aflinu er veitt til hluta nor\u00f0vesturhluta R\u00fasslands og Lettlands.<\/p>\n\n

Eistland framlei\u00f0ir raforku s\u00edna \u00ed gegnum varmaorkuver sem eru kn\u00fain af ol\u00eduleiri. Yfir 20 rafst\u00f6\u00f0var eru til sta\u00f0ar \u00ed Eistlandi og eru flestar \u00feeirra a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a raforku \u00ed samvinnsluham. Helstu rafst\u00f6\u00f0var eins og Narva rafst\u00f6\u00f0var<\/a> voru hanna\u00f0ar og bygg\u00f0ar \u00e1 Sov\u00e9tt\u00edmanum. Narva rafst\u00f6\u00f0varnar leggja til grundvallar\u00e1lag af orkuframlei\u00f0slu \u00ed Eistlandi.<\/p>\n\n

Orkuframlei\u00f0sla \u00ed Eistlandi<\/h2>\n\n

Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i sitt var endurreist \u00e1ri\u00f0 1991 hefur Eistland teki\u00f0 skref \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 endurreisn efnahagsl\u00edfs og r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar. Raforku- og<\/a> gasmarka\u00f0ir \u00feess eru a\u00f0 fullu lausir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 styrkja og skapa bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s \u00e1 raforkumarka\u00f0i Eystrasaltsr\u00edkjanna. Auk \u00feess styrkti losun raforkumarka\u00f0arins \u00ed Eistlandi sam\u00fe\u00e6ttingu vi\u00f0 norr\u00e6na marka\u00f0inn.<\/p>\n\n

\u00de\u00f3 Eistland skorti eigin helstu hef\u00f0bundna ol\u00edu- og jar\u00f0gasau\u00f0lind, \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 vera flutningsland fyrir r\u00fassneska ol\u00edu. R\u00fassar flytja daglega \u00fat um 340.00 tunnur af ol\u00edu til Eystrasaltsins. D\u00e1samlegt hlutfall af heildargrunnorkubirg\u00f0um Eistlands er a\u00f0 mestu \u00far ol\u00eduleifum samkv\u00e6mt uppl\u00fdsingum fr\u00e1 Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aorkum\u00e1lastofnuninni.<\/p>\n\n

Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur eru um \u00fea\u00f0 bil 90% af orku sem framleitt er \u00ed Eistlandi me\u00f0 gasi og jar\u00f0ol\u00edu sem brennt er me\u00f0 ol\u00eduleiri. Hin 10% af orkunni eru a\u00f0allega framleidd \u00far vindorku, l\u00edfmassa, jar\u00f0gasi, kolum og vatnsafli. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00f3endurn\u00fdjanleg orka s\u00e9 st\u00e6rsti orkugjafinn \u00ed Eistlandi, n\u00fdtur endurn\u00fdjanleg orka<\/a> mikla athygli \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu og Eistland l\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n

Fyrir hl\u00fd heimili, til a\u00f0 keyra b\u00edla og hafa l\u00fdsingu \u00ed Eistlandi \u00fearf orku. \u00deessi orka f\u00e6st \u00fdmist me\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjanlegum e\u00f0a \u00f3endurn\u00fdjanlegum orkugj\u00f6fum. Orka \u00ed Eistlandi er sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0hags, ranns\u00f3kna og t\u00e6kni sem tryggir framlei\u00f0slu, umbreytingu, flutning og notkun orku.<\/p>\n\n

Heimilishitun \u00ed Eistlandi <\/h2>\n\n

Upphitun fyrir heimili \u00ed Eistlandi er a\u00f0 miklu leyti tengd hitaveitu en n\u00fa notar f\u00f3lk annan a\u00f0skilinn hitab\u00fana\u00f0 til a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 fyrirfram uppsettum lausnum. Ef \u00fe\u00fa ert \u00ed vafa um hva\u00f0a a\u00f0ili er \u00e1byrgur fyrir hitaveitu til h\u00fasn\u00e6\u00f0is \u00fe\u00edns skaltu bara sn\u00faa \u00fe\u00e9r til Google,<\/a> setja inn sta\u00f0setningaruppl\u00fdsingar \u00fe\u00ednar \u00ed Eistlandi og \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a fyrir \u00feig. En uppl\u00fdsingar um hitun \u00e6ttu einnig a\u00f0 vera hluti af leigusamningi \u00fe\u00ednum. <\/p>\n\n

Fram til \u00e1rsins 2019 var Eistland starfr\u00e6kt undir fastri hitaveitu sem bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 frumorkustu\u00f0li. \u00deetta kerfi \u00fe\u00f3tti hins vegar \u00f3framkv\u00e6manlegt \u00ed lj\u00f3si umbreytingarm\u00e1la innan hitaveitunnar. A\u00f0fer\u00f0in t\u00f3k ekki tillit til \u00feeirra breytinga sem \u00fe\u00e1 voru ger\u00f0ar \u00e1 greininni. \u00dea\u00f0 var \u00fev\u00ed skynsamlegt a\u00f0 a\u00f0greind lausn sem v\u00e6ri \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 hitaveiturnar og kr\u00f6fur um orkun\u00fdtingu yr\u00f0i tekin \u00ed notkun. \u00deess vegna er umskipti fr\u00e1 fastri lausn yfir \u00ed a\u00f0greinda lausn sem virkar \u00ed dag. <\/p>\n\n

Hitaveita \u00ed Eistlandi<\/h2>\n\n

Vins\u00e6lasta hitakerfi\u00f0 \u00ed Eistlandi er hitaveita<\/a> . \u00deetta er a\u00f0allega vegna \u00fe\u00e6ginda \u00feess fr\u00e1 sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li neytenda sem besta hitakerfi\u00f0. Flestir Eistlendingar telja a\u00f0 hitaveitan tryggi mj\u00f6g \u00f6ruggt veitukerfi og a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 jafnframt umhverfisv\u00e6n. <\/p>\n\n

Mikilv\u00e6gi hitaveitu \u00ed Eistlandi er gr\u00f3ft \u00fear sem uppbyggingin eykur \u00e1 loftslags- og orkumarkmi\u00f0um. Eistlendingar hafa gegnt mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed umbreytingarferlinu<\/a> . \u00deannig a\u00f0 eistnesk stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld leggja sitt af m\u00f6rkum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 neytendur \u00feeirra s\u00e9u vel uppl\u00fdstir og uppl\u00fdstir me\u00f0 kynningarums\u00f3kn um hitaveitu.<\/p>\n\n

Hitaveita er mikilv\u00e6gur hluti af kolefnislosun orkugeirans \u00ed Eistlandi \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni. \u00deessi drifkraftur er auglj\u00f3s af v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kum umr\u00e6\u00f0u\u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00far \u00fdmsum ranns\u00f3knum. Hitaveita er hagkv\u00e6mt, umhverfisv\u00e6nt og stendur samt upp \u00far sem \u00fea\u00f0 sem hentar best til afhendingar \u00e1 varmaorku. Hins vegar getur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0allega virka\u00f0 best innan \u00fe\u00e9ttb\u00fdlis, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed borgum.<\/p>\n\n

Rafmagn \u00ed Eistlandi <\/h2>\n\n

Eistneski raforkugeirinn er tengdur hinum Eystrasaltsl\u00f6ndunum, R\u00fasslandi og Finnlandi. \u00dea\u00f0 er engin \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 hunsa s\u00f6gu eistneska raforkukerfisins. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2016 var raforkuframlei\u00f0sla \u00ed Eistlandi s\u00fa sk\u00edtugasta \u00ed ESB vegna magns koltv\u00eds\u00fdrings \u00ed losun. Ol\u00edubundi\u00f0 eldsneyti var t\u00e6plega 80% af innlendri raforkuframlei\u00f0slu.<\/p>\n\n

Me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum hafa framlei\u00f0slukerfi endurn\u00fdjanlegrar orku vaxi\u00f0 \u00ed Eistlandi. \u00c1ri\u00f0 2016 haf\u00f0i Eistland n\u00e1\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i s\u00ednu samkv\u00e6mt markmi\u00f0i ESB um endurn\u00fdjanlega orku. Eistland framlei\u00f0ir 11.554.020 MWst af raforku sem n\u00e6r til um 131% \u00e1rlegrar neyslu\u00fearfar Eistlendinga. <\/p>\n\n

Fr\u00e1 og me\u00f0 desember 2021 var raforkuver\u00f0 $0,2\/kWst fyrir hvert heimili og $0,1 fyrir fyrirt\u00e6ki. \u00c1 \u00feessu \u00e1ri var\u00f0 hins vegar samsvarandi \u00e1fall \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar h\u00e6kkunar \u00e1 raforku- og gasver\u00f0i \u00ed Eistlandi. Raunar hefur raforkuver\u00f0i\u00f0 fj\u00f3rfaldast. Ver\u00f0 \u00e1 hitaveitu hefur heldur ekki veri\u00f0 skili\u00f0 eftir. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur sexfaldast mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 ver\u00f0 \u00e1 gasi en sum net eru algj\u00f6rlega bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 gasi.<\/p>\n\n

Eistland hefur getu til a\u00f0 \u00fatvega sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r algj\u00f6rlega sj\u00e1lfframleidda orku. Heildarframlei\u00f0slan er 131%<\/a> af eigin notkun Eistlands en landi\u00f0 verslar enn orku vi\u00f0 \u00fatl\u00f6nd. \u00dea\u00f0 er gefi\u00f0 a\u00f0 inn- og \u00fatflutningur skili Eistlandi tekjum. En landi\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 einbeita s\u00e9r a\u00f0 fullkominni framlei\u00f0slu sj\u00e1lfsorku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Undirskriftarmerki\u00f0 fyrir \u00f6ll Evr\u00f3pul\u00f6nd, Eistland me\u00f0talin, eru afar kaldir og dimmir vetur. Ef \u00fe\u00fa lendir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":25671,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1268],"tags":[13768,8205,13779,8221,13761],"class_list":["post-28817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eistland","tag-hitadreifing","tag-hitaveitu","tag-rafmagn-fyrir-heimili","tag-rafmagnsreikningur","tag-rafveitu","wpcat-1268-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28817\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28817"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28817"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}