{"id":24641,"date":"2022-10-02T14:07:11","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T12:07:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/expateuropa.com\/elektrina-a-vytapeni-ve-francii\/"},"modified":"2022-10-02T16:22:30","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T14:22:30","slug":"elektrina-a-vytapeni-ve-francii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/elektrina-a-vytapeni-ve-francii\/","title":{"rendered":"Elekt\u0159ina a vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed ve Francii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli vz\u00e1cnou a vytou\u017eenou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost nav\u0161t\u00edvit Francii, si v\u017edy odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky na francouzskou kulturu. Pokud v\u00e1s n\u00e1hodou zima zastihne ve Francii, vzpom\u00ednky na mraziv\u00e9 teploty v\u00e1s neminou. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed ve Francii pije hodn\u011b k\u00e1vy, aby se zah\u0159\u00e1la a byla aktivn\u00ed, ale to nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00fd l\u00e9k. Pokud se v\u00e1m stane, \u017ee m\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edtele, partnera<\/a> nebo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee u\u010desat ohledn\u011b oble\u010den\u00ed ve Francii, rad\u011bji to p\u0159izp\u016fsobte ro\u010dn\u00edmu obdob\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee tam b\u00fdt opravdu zima. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee jako l\u00e9k jsou domy ve Francii vybaveny topn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my a napojeny na syst\u00e9my d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. N\u011bkdy nemus\u00ed instalovan\u00e9 topen\u00ed sta\u010dit a lid\u00e9 se uchyluj\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edm mo\u017enostem vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b d\u0159eva a elektronick\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f. Dopln\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed jin\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi by mohlo b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 dobr\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady – pokud se to osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Abychom na chv\u00edli odvedli pozornost od po\u010das\u00ed ve Francii, tato zem\u011b je tavic\u00edm kotlem z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch m\u00edst. U\u017eijete si p\u0159\u00edrodu, kulturu, historii i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 re\u00e1lie, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. Nen\u00ed ani nutn\u00e9, abyste p\u0159esn\u011b znali m\u00edsta, kter\u00e1 ve Francii nav\u0161t\u00edvit. D\u00edky spolehliv\u00e9mu p\u0159edplatn\u00e9mu mobiln\u00edho telefonu<\/a> m\u016f\u017eete jen nav\u0161t\u00edvit m\u00edsta v m\u00e9m okol\u00ed a zobraz\u00ed se v\u00e1m mnoho v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch m\u00edst. Uprost\u0159ed touhy dokumentovat takov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky ve Francii v\u00e1s zas\u00e1hne \u0161ok z pronikav\u00fdch teplot. <\/p>\n\n

Zimn\u00ed mrazy ve Francii mohou b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech extr\u00e9mn\u00ed. <\/h2>\n\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed EU doch\u00e1z\u00ed k periodick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m klimatu a v\u011bt\u0161inou m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi chladno. To plat\u00ed i pro Francii, proto\u017ee v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Francie<\/a> m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt velmi chladno a zima m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed. Pokud nepl\u00e1nujete n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu pouze na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed, m\u011bli byste zv\u00e1\u017eit mo\u017enost centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Pro n\u011bkoho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt klimatizace, topen\u00ed a uspokojiv\u00e9 osv\u011btlen\u00ed luxusem. P\u0159i pobytu ve Francii v\u0161ak pova\u017eujte za velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd zdroj vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a elekt\u0159iny. Zejm\u00e9na v extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed je pro v\u011bt\u0161inu Francouz\u016f kl\u00ed\u010dovou prioritou udr\u017eet teplo a m\u00edt k dispozici vhodn\u00fd zdroj osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Nejprve se v\u0161ak pod\u00edvejme, co tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobu tepla a elekt\u0159iny ve Francii. V\u0161echny tyto probl\u00e9my se odv\u00edjej\u00ed od jednoho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho faktoru, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 dod\u00e1vka energie.<\/p>\n\n

Dod\u00e1vky energie pro v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny a tepla ve Francii<\/h2>\n\n

Cel\u00fd sv\u011bt se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkami zm\u011bny klimatu a c\u00edlem je p\u0159ej\u00edt na ekologickou ekonomiku. Francie v tomto ohledu dos\u00e1hla mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokonalosti. Podle z\u00e1znam\u016f zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fdch Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetickou agenturou m\u00e1 Francie historicky velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 emise oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi ekonomikami G7 Francie vynik\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n

Francie si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 vysokou odolnost v\u016f\u010di jadern\u00e9 energii. I v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b poch\u00e1z\u00ed energie ve Francii p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z p\u011bti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00fdmi jsou uhl\u00ed, kapaln\u00e1 paliva, zemn\u00ed plyn, jadern\u00e1 energie a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje. V roce 2020 by 78 % v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny poch\u00e1zelo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren a obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje by tvo\u0159ily pouze 19,1 %. Francie m\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl jadern\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny<\/a> na sv\u011bt\u011b. To vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a spolehlivosti zem\u011b. Tak\u00e9 Francie vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdhod toho, \u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 v\u00fdvozce elekt\u0159iny na sv\u011bt\u011b. Francie z\u00e1rove\u0148 investuje v\u00edce do obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie a do roku 2030 si stanovila c\u00edl 32 %.<\/p>\n\n

V roce 2021 v\u0161ak Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura varovala, \u017ee Francie ned\u011bl\u00e1 dost pro spln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho pod\u00edlu na c\u00edlech v oblasti klimatu a energetiky. Zem\u011b byla kritizov\u00e1na za svou vysokou z\u00e1vislost na fosiln\u00edch palivech, kter\u00e1 vede ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku ve sv\u011bt\u011b bojuj\u00edc\u00edm se zm\u011bnou klimatu. Je tedy t\u0159eba ud\u011blat hodn\u011b pro to, abychom ne\u00fanavn\u011b pracovali na dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle 32 % do roku 2030.<\/p>\n\n

Vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u016f a byt\u016f ve Francii<\/h2>\n\n

Na sv\u011bt\u011b existuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a USA se v dom\u00e1cnostech a obytn\u00fdch domech pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed plynov\u00e9 nebo elektrick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Francie v\u0161ak sv\u00fdm obyvatel\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0159adu mo\u017enost\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed va\u0161eho domova. Bez ohledu na typ domu je b\u011b\u017en\u011b k dispozici alespo\u0148 jedna forma vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Mezi zp\u016fsoby vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed plynov\u00fd nebo olejov\u00fd kotel, krby na d\u0159evo nebo elektrick\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de.<\/p>\n\n

Od roku 2021 Francie odrazuje nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed domy a budovy od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch \u0161pinav\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Ekologicky sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee naj\u00edt \u00fat\u011bchu v tom, \u017ee Francie nyn\u00ed rychleji p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na ekologick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a elekt\u0159inu. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b maj\u00ed domy mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edvat vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed z \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f,<\/a> jako je biomasa, tepeln\u00e1 \u010derpadla nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed oh\u0159ev. Syst\u00e9m \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i nad\u00e1le k dispozici. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se ve Francii v\u011bnuje ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u016fm vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n

Zelen\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed\/obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie pro Francii<\/h2>\n\n

Stavebn\u00edci a investo\u0159i ve Francii se od nyn\u011bj\u0161ka zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Zejm\u00e9na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 75 % spot\u0159eby energie v pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti ve Francii. Proto je volba nejekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/a>, nejudr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianty vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed prioritou pro v\u0161echny. <\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem jsou tepeln\u00e1 \u010derpadla, biomasa a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dostupn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. V\u0161echny novostavby, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve Francii stav\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed n\u011bkterou z dostupn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed. A ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed na v\u00fdm\u011bnu topn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu za ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zdroj, mohou z\u00edskat dotaci. <\/p>\n\n

Elekt\u0159ina pro va\u0161i dom\u00e1cnost ve Francii<\/h2>\n\n

Odv\u011btv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny ve Francii tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jadernou energii, kter\u00e1 se na celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b v roce 2016 pod\u00edlela 70 %. Obnoviteln\u00e1 energie a fosiln\u00ed paliva tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze 17,8 %, resp. 8,6 %. Francie jist\u011b vykazuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl jadern\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny na sv\u011bt\u011b, krom\u011b toho, \u017ee je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdvozc\u016f elekt\u0159iny.<\/p>\n\n

Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f na obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje v\u0161ak studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee elektrifikace je spr\u00e1vnou cestou ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed. Popt\u00e1vka po elekt\u0159in\u011b ve Francii stoup\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v zim\u011b, proto se ve Francii hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spot\u0159eba elekt\u0159iny ve Francii souvis\u00ed s \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm elektrick\u00fdch oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d\u016f. To je jasn\u00fdm d\u016fkazem sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed k ekologick\u00e9mu vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Elektrick\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de ve Francii<\/h2>\n\n

Elektrick\u00e1 topidla jsou ve Francii na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku. Ukazuje se v\u0161ak, \u017ee boj proti zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu ve Francii je slo\u017eit\u00fd. Jednoduch\u00fdm pravidlem je v\u0161ak za\u010d\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee v\u0161e elektrifikujete<\/a>. Nahrazen\u00ed technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le produkuj\u00ed spaliny do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, alternativami na elekt\u0159inu je pro Francii lep\u0161\u00ed volbou. <\/p>\n\n

Jakkoli je elektrifikace pro Francii lep\u0161\u00ed volbou, ekonomika mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nyn\u00ed p\u0159ipravena na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu. To je patrn\u00e9 z n\u00e1r\u016fstu spot\u0159eby elekt\u0159iny v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 50 % oproti obvykl\u00e9mu stavu. V\u0161e se odv\u00edj\u00ed od v\u00fdroby energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli vz\u00e1cnou a vytou\u017eenou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost nav\u0161t\u00edvit Francii, si v\u017edy odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 vzpom\u00ednky na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":24594,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[573],"tags":[15098,15076,15071],"class_list":["post-24641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-francie","tag-elektricke-ohrivace","tag-jaderna-elektrina","tag-system-ustredniho-vytapeni","wpcat-573-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24641\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/expateuropa.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}